NEET 2025 question paper with solutions

1. The scutellum is the single large cotyledon found in a monocot seed (like maize), so A matches II.

2. A non-albuminous seed has no residual endosperm because it is fully consumed by the embryo; groundnut is a classic example of this, so B matches III.

3. The epiblast is a small, vestigial structure found opposite the scutellum in a monocot embryo, and it is described as a rudimentary (underdeveloped) cotyledon, so C matches IV.

4. The perisperm is a food-storing tissue that develops from the persistent nucellus (the nucellus that does not get fully used up), so D matches I.

5. Hence, the answer is Option C: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

1. Identify a correct example of a Pteridophyte.

Pteridophytes are vascular, spore-producing plants, and Salvinia (a floating fern) is a classic example.

So, A matches with IV.

2. Identify a correct example of a Bryophyte.

Bryophytes are simple, non-vascular land plants, and Polytrichum (a moss) is a well-known bryophyte.

So, B matches with III.

3. Identify a correct example of an Angiosperm.

Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in fruits, and Salvia is a common flowering plant.

So, C matches with I.

4. Identify a correct example of a Gymnosperm.

Gymnosperms bear naked seeds, and Ginkgo is a classic living gymnosperm.

So, D matches with II.

5. Combine all matches.

A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.

Hence, the answer is Option D.

1. Start with how spores are formed, since a pteridophyte life cycle begins with the diploid sporophyte producing spores.

The sporophyte forms spore mother cells, and since spores must be haploid, these cells undergo meiosis (Step B).

2. Trace what a spore develops into after germination.

Each haploid spore germinates and develops into a small, independent, haploid gametophyte called the prothallus (Step A).

3. Identify what structures the gametophyte produces next, since it needs sex organs to reproduce sexually.

The prothallus develops male sex organs (antheridia) and female sex organs (archegonia) — this is Step D.

4. Understand how the male gametes reach the egg, since pteridophytes need water for fertilisation.

The antherozoids (motile male gametes) released from the antheridia swim through a film of water and reach the archegonia — this is Step E.

5. Complete the cycle with the union of gametes.

Once the antherozoid reaches the egg inside the archegonium, fertilisation (Step C) occurs, forming a diploid zygote that grows into the next sporophyte.

6. Combine the sequence.

The correct order is B → A → D → E → C.

Hence, the answer is Option C.